Most women will experience gynecological diseases at least once in their lifetime. Some of these conditions may recur, leading to serious complications that can impact reproductive health, and in extreme cases, even result in infertility. Recognizing the common symptoms of gynecological diseases empowers women to take a proactive approach in preventing and mitigating potential adverse outcomes. If any of the following symptoms manifest, it is crucial for a woman to promptly consult her doctor:
- Bleeding between periods
- Frequent and urgent need to urinate, or a burning sensation during urination
- Abnormal vaginal bleeding
- Increased vaginal discharge
- Itching, burning, swelling, redness, or soreness in the vaginal area
- Bleeding after menopause
- Pelvic pain or pressure distinct from menstrual cramps
- Sores or lumps in the genital area
- Vaginal discharge with an unpleasant or unusual odor, or of an unusual color
Among the esteemed gynecologists in Lahore, Prof. Dr. Rehana Aamer Khan stands out as a prominent figure, dedicating the last fifteen years to resolving women`s health issues. A trailblazer in her field, she holds the distinction of being Pakistan`s first robotic surgeon and has been a key pioneer in advancing Gynecological Laparoscopic surgery in the country. Prof. Dr. Rehana Aamer Khan compassionately assists both local and international patients, skillfully addressing basic as well as highly complex problems that necessitate cutting-edge surgical techniques.
Below, you will find a comprehensive list of common gynecological problems experienced by women, along with their potential treatments
- Heavy periods or abnormal bleeding
If your menstrual period extends beyond seven days or if you encounter such heavy flow that it disrupts your daily life and activities, seeking advice from your healthcare provider is essential. While numerous instances of abnormal or heavy bleeding can be minor and easily treatable, there are cases where the underlying cause may be more serious, necessitating immediate medical attention.
Around one in five women encounters abnormally heavy menstrual bleeding, termed menorrhagia, as a regular part of their menstrual cycle. Should you consistently experience excessively heavy bleeding during your periods, it is advisable to get in touch with your doctor. A wide range of treatment options is available, and your doctor can assist you in finding the most suitable one for your specific needs and situation
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- Pelvic pain
Pelvic pain presents itself in various forms, with different patterns and locations. It might be intermittent or constant, manifesting in various areas of the pelvic region. Additionally, the pain`s intensity and nature may vary depending on certain activities or timing. If you are currently dealing with pelvic pain, we encourage you to make an appointment with us to discuss your symptoms. Through a detailed inquiry about your pain, we can accurately pinpoint the cause and work together to establish an appropriate and effective treatment plan.
- Uterine fibroids
A uterine fibroid is a benign or cancerous growth that affects approximately 20-30% of women. These fibroids can develop within the uterus, within its walls, or hang outside the uterus, attached to a structure resembling a stem or stalk.
Although some fibroids are small and may not be easily detected during routine pelvic exams, others can grow quite large and lead to various issues, such as:
- Menstrual changes, including heavy bleeding, longer or more frequent periods, and increased cramping.
- Pelvic or lower abdominal pain or pressure, often experienced during sexual activity.
- Urinary changes, like feelings of pressure, difficulty, or frequent urination.
- Rectal pain or constipation.
- Infertility and miscarriage in some cases.
While fibroids most commonly affect women after 30 years of age but they can develop at any age. The reason behind their occurrence remains unclear. If you suspect you might have a uterine fibroid, it is advisable to consult your doctor for proper evaluation and guidance.
- Endometriosis:
The endometrium refers to the uterine lining that undergoes a monthly buildup during the menstrual cycle, preparing to receive and nurture a fertilized egg for potential pregnancy. If fertilization does not occur, this lining is shed, resulting in the menstrual flow.
In some cases, for reasons not fully understood, this shed tissue can be found outside the uterus, commonly within the abdominal cavity. Since this displaced endometrial tissue remains responsive to hormonal changes, it continues to break down and bleed, leading to inflammation and swelling in the surrounding abdominal areas. Over time, this process can cause scarring and other complications, resulting in significant pain during menstruation, sexual intercourse, and even bowel movements. Furthermore, endometriosis can also negatively impact fertility.
As of now, there is no definitive cure for endometriosis, but various treatment options are available to manage the condition effectively. If you suspect you may be experiencing symptoms of endometriosis, do not hesitate to get in touch with us for a thorough evaluation and appropriate guidance
- Vaginal discharge
It is common for women to have a small amount of clear or cloudy white vaginal discharge, which serves to maintain the vaginal tissues moist and healthy. The vaginal area normally maintains a delicate balance of naturally occurring bacteria and yeast, contributing to its overall health. When this balance is disrupted, it can lead to abnormal discharge, accompanied by itching, burning, or an unpleasant odor.
Various factors can disrupt this balance, with common culprits being regular yeast infections (candidiasis). However, bacterial infections, sexually transmitted infections, and even HIV can also trigger frequent yeast infections or produce symptoms similar to a yeast infection.
While over-the-counter treatments can offer relief in some cases, it is essential to consult your doctor if you are experiencing vaginal discharge. Your healthcare provider can help identify the underlying cause and recommend the most suitable treatment plan to address the issue effectively.
- Pelvic Floor Prolapse
Pelvic organ prolapse occurs when any of the pelvic organs shift from their normal positions and exert pressure on the vagina. This condition arises when the muscles and tissues responsible for supporting the pelvic organs weaken or become damaged. While pelvic organ prolapse is a common occurrence, it generally doesn`t pose significant health risks, but it can cause discomfort and pain. However, appropriate treatment options are available if the condition bothers you, and in some cases, it may improve over time. It`s essential to note that multiple pelvic organs can experience prolapse simultaneously, including the bladder, vagina, uterus, urethra, rectum, and small bowel.
The condition is often associated with pregnancy and vaginal childbirth, where pelvic muscles can become stretched and injured. Other contributing factors include aging, menopause, obesity, and chronic constipation. Symptoms may not always be present, but some individuals may experience a feeling of pressure from pelvic organs against the vaginal wall. There could also be a sensation of fullness in the lower abdomen or the perception that something is descending from the vagina. Urinary or bowel issues, as well as pain during intercourse, can also be observed.
Diagnosing pelvic organ prolapse involves your doctor asking about your medical history, including symptoms and past pregnancies, conducting a physical examination, including a pelvic exam, and possibly ordering additional tests. In some cases, pelvic organ prolapse can be discovered during routine examinations, even when no symptoms are present.
- Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by a hormonal imbalance that can disrupt ovulation and lead to various issues with menstrual cycles and fertility. In addition to affecting reproductive health, PCOS can also manifest other symptoms, including weight gain, acne, and excess hair growth on the face or body. If left untreated, PCOS can contribute to more severe health conditions such as diabetes and heart disease. The name "polycystic ovary syndrome" originates from the fact that many small cysts may develop on the ovaries of those affected. These cysts are sac-shaped structures filled with fluid.
The underlying cause of PCOS is linked to hormonal imbalances, although the exact reasons for these imbalances are not entirely understood. Genetics may play a role, as PCOS often runs in families, especially if there is a history of PCOS or diabetes among relatives. Symptoms of PCOS typically emerge gradually and can include acne, oily skin, weight gain, difficulty losing weight, increased facial and body hair, hair thinning on the scalp, irregular periods, fertility problems, and feelings of depression. PCOS symptoms may become more apparent after weight gain.
Diagnosing PCOS involves a thorough evaluation by a doctor, including inquiries about symptoms and menstrual patterns, along with a physical examination. Blood tests are conducted to assess blood sugar levels, insulin, and other hormone levels. Additionally, an ultrasound may be performed to detect cysts on the ovaries.
The mainstays of PCOS treatment involve regular exercise, adopting a healthy diet, and managing weight. Depending on the individual`s specific symptoms and needs, the doctor may prescribe birth control pills to alleviate symptoms and regulate menstrual cycles or fertility medications to address fertility issues. Proper treatment can effectively reduce symptoms and minimize the risk of long-term health complications
- Urinary Incontinence
Urinary incontinence, characterized by the inability to control the release of urine, can be both a costly and embarrassing issue. In some cases, it may be caused by temporary conditions like urinary tract infections, while in others, it may be an ongoing problem resulting from changes in the muscles and nerves around the bladder.
Although urinary incontinence is a common condition among women aged 35 and older, it should not be considered a natural consequence of aging. Fortunately, numerous treatment options are available to address both types of urinary incontinence:
- Stress incontinence, which leads to urine loss during physical activities, coughing, sneezing, or laughing.
- Urge incontinence, characterized by a sudden, intense urge to urinate, leading to an uncontrolled release of urine.
Regardless of the type of urinary incontinence experienced, seeking medical attention is crucial as effective treatments can significantly improve the quality of life and manage this condition effectively.
- Ovarian, cervical and uterus cancer
Gynecologic cancer refers to any cancer that originates in a woman`s reproductive organs. Each type of cancer is named based on the specific organ where it begins. These cancers can emerge in different areas within a woman`s pelvis, the region below the stomach and between the hip bones.
Here are the main types of gynecologic cancers and their respective origins:
- Cervical cancer initiates in the cervix, the lower and narrower part of the uterus (womb).
- Ovarian cancer develops in the ovaries, located on each side of the uterus. Some ovarian cancers may also start in the fallopian tubes or peritoneum.
- Uterine cancer begins in the uterus, the pear-shaped organ where a baby grows during pregnancy.
- Vaginal cancer originates in the vagina, the hollow, tube-like channel between the bottom of the uterus and the external body.
- Vulvar cancer emerges in the vulva, the outer portion of the female genital organs.
Each gynecologic cancer is distinct, displaying unique signs, symptoms, risk factors, and prevention strategies. All women are susceptible to gynecologic cancers, and the risk tends to increase with age. Early detection of gynecologic cancers is crucial for effective treatment.
It is essential for women to be aware of their bodies and recognize warning signs or symptoms of gynecologic cancer (cervical, ovarian, uterine, vaginal, and vulvar cancers). If there is unusual vaginal bleeding, especially after menopause, or if periods become heavier or irregular, it is crucial to consult a doctor promptly. Additionally, any other warning signs that persist for two weeks or longer and are not normal for you should be addressed by a medical professional.
Common symptoms associated with gynecologic cancers include abnormal vaginal bleeding or discharge (except for vulvar cancer), feeling full quickly, difficulty eating, bloating, abdominal or back pain (common for ovarian cancer), pelvic pain or pressure (common for ovarian and uterine cancers), more frequent or urgent need to urinate, and/or constipation (common for ovarian and vaginal cancers). Itching, burning, pain, tenderness of the vulva, and changes in vulva color or skin may be indicative of vulvar cancer.
Gynecologic cancers are treated using various approaches depending on the specific cancer type and its stage of progression. Treatments may involve surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation, and often a combination of these methods is used. Surgery involves the removal of cancerous tissue, while chemotherapy uses special medications to shrink or eliminate the cancer cells. Radiation utilizes high-energy rays to target and destroy cancer cells.